Different Styles of Child Rearing Across the Globe

Introduction Although children have similar growth and development patterns, different parents across the world employ different parenting styles due to differences in cultural beliefs, values, and practices.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Different Styles of Child Rearing Across the Globe specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Differences in cultural beliefs, values, and practices are responsible for cross-cultural differences in parenting styles that significantly influence how children grow and develop in various societal environments. Across the globe, children usually receive parental care from parents, family members, friends, neighbors and caregivers, who have a significant impact on the lives of children. Given that family is the basic unity of society, parenting styles impose cultural factors of the society onto children. Keller, Voelker, and Yovsi (2005) argue that, across the globe, parents have sp ecified beliefs and practices of parenting based on ethno-theories that elucidate parenting, nature of children, and their development into mature adults (p.158). Hence, ethno-theories of parenting are responsible for different in styles of parenting across all cultures in the globe. Thus, the existence of different races and ethnicities across the world implies that, parents employ different styles of parenting, or children experience varied styles of parenting according to cultural beliefs, values, and practices.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Problem Statement Style of parenting is critical in determining growth and development of children. Given that parenting styles that parents employ in rearing their children particularly at their ages of early childhood have a significant impact on growth and development, it is critical for parents to employ appropriate parenting st yle. Although children virtually undergo the same process of growth and development, parenting styles across the world are not similar because parents have different beliefs, values, and practices that depend on their cultural background. Therefore, it means that cultural beliefs, values, and practices considerably influence parenting styles and consequently determine growth and development of children in various cultures across the world. Objective of the Study The objective of the study is to establish if different parental styles exist in American society due to influences diverse cultural backgrounds of parents. Given that American society is truly cosmopolitan, the study seeks to establish if African, Israel, Russian, and French families that live in United States employ same parenting styles. To achieve its objective, the study will explore the sizes of different families, in terms of numbers of children and existence of other members, in case of extended families. Moreover, t he study will examine responsibility of parents, family members, and caregivers in rearing children during their childhood period.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Different Styles of Child Rearing Across the Globe specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To examine cultural, social, and economic aspects of the families, the study will examine the nature of the surrounding community, professions of parents, forms of recreational activities, stable diet of the family, and roles that children play in the family. After gathering enough information regarding target families, the study will compare and contrast different cultural beliefs, values, and practices with the objective of establishing differences in parenting styles. Hypothesis of the Study The study hypothesizes that although families may be living in common society, cultural beliefs, values and practices attributed to different races and ethnicities signi ficantly determine parenting styles that parents employ in rearing their kids. Thus, since American society is cosmopolitan, different families employ different parenting styles that suit their respective cultural beliefs, values, and practices. Scope of the Study The study will examine parenting styles of four families that have different ethnicities and races. Due to ethnical and racial differences, the study will explore different parameters within each family such as the number of children, professions of parents, nature of neighborhood community, presence of caregivers, and family lifestyles under which children are living. Specifically, the study will explore how parents bring up their children in terms of the extent of breast feeding, common diets that family eat, toilet training, form of punishment, and favorite games that families encourage their children to play.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Given that parenting styles across ages vary, the study will examine parenting styles that parents employ in rearing children during their childhood ages. Hence, the study will not examine parenting styles that parents employ in rearing children who are beyond childhood ages. Moreover, the study limits its studies to four families that have different races or ethnicities. Importance of the Study Establishment of different parental styles that exist in the American society is notable, for it gives a reflection of how different families across the globe utilize different parenting styles, in rearing their children during their childhood ages. As children have common growth and development pattern, establishment of disparity in parenting style is essential because it will offer robust explanation regarding differential growth and development of children. Since ethnicities and races make parents cherish unique beliefs, values, and practices concerning parenting, examination of parenting from a cultural perspective is imperative in understanding and enhancing principles of parenting among various cultures. Thus, the study will give an insight into existence of different parenting styles due to ethnical and racial differences in parenting beliefs, values, and practices. Literature Review Parenting style is particularly influential in childhood growth and development because it significantly influences how children mature into adults. Since parenting style is critical in rearing children, sociologists and psychologists have formulated numerous theories and parenting styles that parents can use in bringing up their children. To understand the influence of society and family on growth and development of children, sociologists and psychologists have established that, cultural beliefs and practices play a considerable role in determining how children mature. Currently, it is evident that when parents interact with their children during parenting, they impose cultural bel iefs, practices, values, and behavior onto children, thus influencing how they grow and develop in a complex society that is cosmopolitan. Tajima and Harachi (2010) argue that, ethnic culture has significance influence on parenting since beliefs and practices of child rearing emanate from cultural knowledge that people inherit from one generation and pass into another generation (p.213). Thus, cultural beliefs, values, and practices form the basis of child rearing in different families across the globe. Despite the fact that there is acculturation due to migration of families and adaptation of new social environments, ethnical and racial beliefs, values, and practices take precedence. For instance, although the United States is a cosmopolitan society, beliefs, values, and practices that dominate parenting originate from ethnical and racial backgrounds of parents. In essence, parenting style depends more on racial and ethnical backgrounds of parents than on beliefs, values, and pract ices of a cosmopolitan society. According to Kagitcibasi (2005), interdependence and relatedness are key elements in a family that determines relationships between parents and children (p.410). In a parenting model, three types of interactions exist within a family level. The first interaction is a conventional family where parenting depends on material and emotional satisfaction of children. The second interaction involves relationships and interdependence of children and parents, while the third interaction entails psychological and material interdependence of consecutive generations. Hence, it means that cultural beliefs, values, and practices are central in determining family interactions and subsequently influence parenting. Comparative studies indicate that parenting styles differ from one society to another due to the difference in ethnical or racial beliefs, values, and practices of parents. In cultural society, families operate under the influence of opposing forces of coll ectivism versus individualism and dependence versus independence amongst others forces that regulate how society and family function. Resolution of opposing forces determines the orientation of the family to specified ethno-theories, which are applicable in parenting. According to Keller, Voelker, and Yovsi (2005), a study conducted to examine conception of parenting by Nso and German women indicates that Nso women prefer body stimulation and body contact, while German women favor face-to-face, as systems of parenting (p.173). The difference in their styles of parenting emanate from the fact that Nso women have interdependent culture while German women have independence culture. This confirms that cultural backgrounds profoundly influence how parents employ parenting styles in rearing their children. Many psychological theories hold that parents influence how their children grow and develop in a complex society with varied cultural forces. Ideally, parents act as a link between soci ety and children in that children receive societal beliefs, values, and practices from their parents. Application of parenting styles such as authoritarian, authoritative and permissive relies on racial and ethnical backgrounds of parents. Moreover, application of parenting style depends on individuals attributes, family and individuals experiences in parenting, behavior of a child and social context that family lives. Keshavarz and Baharudin (2009) argue that, since diverse cultural backgrounds influence parenting styles, cultural orientations of individualism and collectivism determine how parents response to societal beliefs, values, and practices in the process of acculturation (p.68). Hence, collectivism cultures and individualism cultures have a different impact on parenting styles that parents use in rearing their children. Therefore, literature review has shown that different cultural beliefs, values, and practices influence how parents rear their children. Introduction Sinc e the objective of the study is to determine if diverse cultural backgrounds are responsible for differences in parenting styles that parents employ in bringing up their children, the study will examine parenting styles in four families. The four families emanate from various regions around the globe, and they have different racial and ethnical backgrounds. Thus, analysis of parenting styles in four families provides significant information that is essential in ascertaining influence of cultural background on parenting styles. Research Design The study is qualitative determination of parenting styles that families with different cultural backgrounds use in rearing their children during childhood ages. To gather significant information regarding parenting styles among the four families, the study employs open questionnaires. Open questionnaires are advantageous because they give parents, who are the subjects of the study, freedom to provide ample information regarding their families. To collect appropriate information, researchers will administer open questionnaires by interviewing parents from respective families and record relevant responses in questionnaires for further analysis. Subjects of study emanate from four families with different racial and ethnical backgrounds, thus enabling researchers to collect variable data regarding parenting styles. Thus, researchers will collect data from each family by administering open questionnaires and recording appropriate data regarding parenting styles. Sampling of Subjects Since the study seeks to determine whether different cultural backgrounds are responsible for diverse parenting styles that parents utilize in rearing their children, the study selects four families with different ethnical and racial backgrounds. Thus, first interviewee should be an American with French background as an ethnical or racial background. A French parent will provide information concerning parenting styles that French parents employ wh en rearing their children. The second interviewee need to be a black American with South African background to provide parenting styles, which black Africans use in bringing up their kids. Black American is essential in understanding how Africans rear their children during childhood. The third interviewee must be an American Jew with Israeli background. An American Jew will provide parenting styles that Israeli families utilize in bringing up their children. Ultimately, the fourth interviewee should be an American with Russian background to provide parenting styles that Russian families employ in rearing their children. Overall, the four interviewees will give an insight of how parenting styles vary across the world due to ethnical and racial backgrounds of parents. Interview Questions The researchers will administer open questionnaires containing the following questions: Age? Gender? Race? Nationality? Ethnicity? Do you have children? If yes, how many? How old are/is your children /child? After your child/children was/were born, did you experience depression or some extent of sadness or anger? Explain. Who lives in your home? What kind of work do the parents of the child/children do? Does either parent/guardian stay home with the child/children? Does/do your child/children attend daycare or school? Does/do your child/children get interaction outside of the mother/father figures? Is your child around other children his/her own age? If yes, how often? Do you live in a close-knit community? Explain. Do you live in a distant community? Explain. Did you breast-feed your child/children? If yes for how long? If yes, is that common in your community? What does your child’s/children’s diets consist of? At what age was your child toilet-trained? Do you allow your child/children to help you with daily activities? If child is not old enough, will you allow him/her to as he/she ages? Can you explain the sleeping arrangements of your child/children? Can you d iscuss what your child/children does/do for entertainment? Can you describe punishment in your household? When your child/children is/are sick, how do you react? Data Collection and Processing The researchers identified four parents who had different cultural backgrounds from across the globe and administered open questionnaires by interviewing them. The questionnaires have twenty questions that satisfactorily seek pertinent information about the families in that, when analyzed, it will give robust data that is critical to determining parenting styles, which parents employ in rearing their children. To enhance the validity of the data, researchers approached the subjects and assured them that information they give would be confidential. Moreover, the researchers assured them that information is relevant for search purpose; hence, no need for them to offer their real identities in terms of names. To interview them, researchers visited the subjects at their respective homes during th e weekend when they had ample time for interviews. Results Questionnaires administered showed that researchers interviewed two male and two female subjects from diverse ethnical and racial backgrounds across the globe. The first subject is Mary, an American woman aged 38 years and having French background. Mary has Canadian nationality but currently lives in United States where she works. She has two children, 4-year-old son, and 8-month-old daughter. For more details, see her questionnaire at appendix A. The second subject is David, an American man who is aged 40 years. David is a black African with cultural background of South of African. He has four children, 6 and 12 year-old sons and 2 and 8 year old daughters. David lives together with his family and grandmother. See his questionnaire at appendix B. The third subject is Catherine, an American woman aged 32 years but having Israeli background. Catherine is a Jew with one child, a 2-year-old daughter. She lives in a nuclear fami ly. Questionnaire three, in appendix C, gives more of her details. The fourth subject is Smith, an American man who is aged 34 years with Russian background. Smith is an Asian with 2 children, a 5-year-old daughter, and 1 year-old son. He lives together with his family and his cousin sister. See appendix D for his questionnaire. Data Analysis Comparative analysis of questionnaires indicates that parenting styles that the subjects apply in rearing their children are different due to differences in their ethnical and racial backgrounds. In the four families, there are differences in number of children that families have and existence of other relatives within the family. Kagitcibasi (2005) argues that, independence and autonomy of a child depends on family interactions (p.411). Therefore, it indicates that, interaction of children with other people differs from one family to another. While Mary and Catherine live in a nuclear family, Smith and David live in an extended family; thus, i t means that children experience different parenting styles. Moreover, Questionnaires indicate that parents train their children toileting at different ages. While Mary and David train their children at age of three years, Catherine trains her kid at two years while Smith trains his children at the age of four. Children in respective families eat different diets that differentially affect their growth and development. Moreover, different families have varied social economic activities that enable them to rear their children well. All families seem to provide exceptional sleeping arrangements for their kids and offer them opportunity to play and interact effectively with neighbors. However, each family has its own worries concerning accessibility of medical services. While Mary and David do not worry when their children are sick, Catherine and Smith feel worried because they cannot access pediatrician quite easily. Another difference in families is connectedness to community. While C atherine seems to live in isolation, Mary, David and Smith live a community where they associate with their neighbors. According to Tajima and Harachi (2010), cultural beliefs, duration of residence, socioeconomic status, and acculturation are determinants of parenting styles, which immigrants use in rearing their children (p.411). Hence, from questionnaires, it is evident that cultural background of Catherine favors individualism orientation while cultural backgrounds of Mary, David, and Smith favor collectivism orientation. Conclusion The study has demonstrated that cultural backgrounds of parents influence parenting styles that parents employ in bringing up their children. Since the study examinees parents who have ethnical or racial backgrounds such as French, African, Russian, and Israeli, analysis of information in questionnaires has indicated that, the families employed parenting styles, which suit their cultural beliefs, values, and practices. Hence, the study confirms that although American society is cosmopolitan, different families use different parenting styles according to their cultural beliefs, values, and practices. References Kagitcibasi, C. (2005). Autonomy and Relatedness in Cultural Context. Implication for Self and Family. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(4), 403-422. Keller, H., Voelker, S., Yovsi, D. (2005). Conceptions of Parenting in Different Cultural Communities: The Case of West African Nso and Northern German Women. Social Development, 14(1), 158-179. Keshavarz, S., Baharudin, R. (2009). Parenting Style in a Collectivist Culture of Malaysia. European Journal of Social Sciences, 10(1), 66-73. Tajima, E., Harachi, T. (2010). Parenting Beliefs and Physical Discipline Practices Among South Asian Immigrants: Parenting in the Context of Cultural Adaptation to the United States. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 41(2), 212-235. This research paper on Different Styles of Child Rearing Across the Globe was written and submitted by user Aylin Mason to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Existents In Alfian Sa'at's Umbrella In the short story "Umbrella", the author Alfian Sa'at relates the tale of a young Malay Singaporean secondary school student, Hafiz. Alfian uses an older Hafiz as the narrator who recounts his experiences retaking his 'O' levels for the second time. Hafiz tells us about his relationship with Chris, a tuition teacher hired by his father to help him pass his examinations. I feel that "Umbrella" is essentially a story about the imposition of certain norms and standards on members of society. It tells us how students are conscious of the need to fulfill society's notion of success. Through Hafiz's eyes, we are led to see how he is trapped in this system that forces certain standards upon him but yet does not give him the appropriate training and skills to reach the standards. Thus, Hafiz is unable to fit into the identity that he is pressured to accept. We also see how Hafiz himself desires to achieve success as society perceives it, but finally realizes his true identity and comes to terms with it, even though it may not be the norm. However, how does "Umbrella" cause such an effect on the reader? What tools are being utilized in the narrative that can invoke such feelings? I believe that the author uses what Seymour Chatman calls existents to bring out such an effect on readers. Thus, in this essay we will seek to discover how existents, namely charac ter and setting, are employed to draw out such an effect. Firstly, let us look at character. Tzvetan Torodov, a French structuralist, discusses two categories of narrative. He labels them as apsychological and psychological narratives. By apsychological, Torodov means narratives that are plot centered and by psychological, character centered (Chatman 113). Readers can discern that "Umbrella" is essentially psychological in nature. Most of the story takes place in Hafiz's room and is generally presented through the conversations between Hafiz and Chris and through Hafiz's thoughts. There are few characters in this story. We have the protagonist Hafiz and his tuition teacher Chris as the two main leads. Along with them are less important characters such as Hafiz's parents and a certain maths relief teacher. Chatman emphasizes that characters are important to a narrative and they should not be treated as "mere plot functions" (119). As such, these characters must play a crucial role in bringing out the effect of the narrative, and we will seek to decipher how this is done.

Amalise Strategic Management

Running Head: Amalise Strategic Management Name University Course Tutor Date Gauteng Provincial Government is working to the best of its capability with utmost dedication and efficiency to serve the citizens of Gauteng. It demands high performance and competence accompanied by motivation geared with ambition from the various departments it constitutes, to be able to prioritize and fulfill the needs of Gauteng citizens and development of the Gauteng province. The Gauteng Provincial Treasury department handles all the financial matters pertaining to the Provincial Government.It collects, manages and forms strategies to act as guidelines when planning on the usage of revenue contributed by the public. The treasury department works with diligence to ensure government priorities as outlined in a number of documents and key initiatives such as Gauteng Growth and Development Strategy (GDS), The Global City Region (GRC) strategic intent, the shared vision of creating a smart province and as reflected by the innovation programs such as the Blue IQ, Gauteng-online, Gautrain and the Batho Pele principles of delivering high quality services to the citizens of Gauteng are achieved.The treasury also works hand in hand with the provincial departments and municipalities to increase the capacity of financial management, achieve operational efficiency, promote accountability in government, provide strategic leadership and technical support in financial management and budgeting, develop and implement efficient internal systems and processes and provide guidance and leadership in the implementation of financial management reforms for both provincial and local government.To enhance effective and efficient allocation and utilization of fund geared towards fulfilling Gauteng Provincial Government priorities and improving the financial management system, the Provincial Treasury stipulated a statement of purpose to guide it. According to the Gauteng Provincial Treasury five-year strate gic and performance plans for the period 2009-2014 second draft (5th September 2008) the goal of the treasury was, â€Å"to provide sound financial management leadership that maximizes service delivery through effective and efficient use of limited resources in the Gauteng Province† (p.36). The vision of the treasury was, â€Å"to be the pioneer in financial management leadership and fiscal discipline within the public sector in South Africa thus enabling shared economic growth† (p. 37). The Gauteng Provincial Treasury five-year strategic and performance plans for the period 2009-2014 second draft (5th September 2008) states the mission that the Gauteng treasury follows to implement their vision.â€Å"We strive to be an innovative, pro-active and value adding partner to our stakeholders, by: researching and implementing best practice approaches to financial management, enhancing vertical and horizontal alignment in government, promoting and encouraging more informed u nderstanding of the financial management framework, instilling accountability, sound analytical reporting, good enterprise governance and transparency as the norm, ensuring allocative efficiency and optimal utilization of resources facilitating strategic alternative funding solutions thereby supporting an environment of sustainable economic growth and social development† (p.37). The Gauteng Provincial Treasury exhibits reliability and efficiency by performing duties given to them in accordance to the legislative mandate. It ensures the principles it has formed are aligned in accordance to the Batho Pele principles by enabling the provision of technical assistance and analysis, ensuring the spending agencies value the function of money and thus do not misuse the money or misinterpret the role the treasury plays when managing the government’s financial materials.This is done through training programs such as CIBA and SAM. Also the treasury should promoting transparency by publication of their annual reports and budgets through local newspapers, budget statements and MTBPS. The treasury department also ensures the allocation of funds to every department are according to the provincial priorities which include building a competitive Gauteng GCR, implementing Gauteng social GDS and building the capacity and organization of the state.The Gauteng Provincial Treasury being an independent department has a critical role to perform thus needs to be able to motivate the program levels it is working with, to be able to achieve the stipulated goals. The treasury department should be able to plan, organize, have good interpersonal skills and be able to evaluate performance so as to run the duties outlined to it in the most competent and accurate manner (Rees & Porter, 2001).The head of the treasury department was able to show good leadership skills by involving each department in decision making, when reviewing and updating the strategic plan for the period of 2 009-2014, developing medium term tactical plans and outlining the methods to use when evaluating performance of the department after every year. In the period of 2006-2009 the treasury did not fully accomplish some of the roles it played.When formulating the strategic plan for the period of 2009-2014, it discussed ways of overcoming that short fall by improving and adding value to maximize their performance so as be able to raise the living standard of the Gauteng citizens, creating a parallel line between their corporate services function and their core strategies, using internal and external auditors to monitor and evaluate those sent to work in the municipalities to prevent creation of too much dependency which may bring undesirable outcome, interns and the credibility of their data.The results the auditors present should be discussed and the solutions given implemented to lay a competent foundation of performing duties in the most qualified way. The treasury department should fo rm a partnership with the Chief Financial officer (CFO) and professional bodies to enable it function in a reliable manner towards achieving the department’s vision. The treasury should work with the CFO working for Gauteng Provincial Treasury to be able to evaluate the performance of the department in reference to achieving the department’s vision.It should also liaise with other CFO’s to gain more knowledge and tactics of performing the role it has defined to fulfill the department’s vision. Strategies of communicating with other departments in the Provincial Treasury must be improved, to enable full understanding of the duties they perform. For the treasury department to set a good trend of performing the roles given, to enable the Gauteng Provincial Government achieve the goals it promised the citizens of Gauteng, unqualified municipalities should be fired.This means that the treasury should review its strategy of staffing to ensure that it has a qual ity staff in the right quantity. It should design KSAOs (knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics of the organization) that it will use when staffing, to employ qualified and competent people who will work to the maximum of their capability to improve the overall performance of the treasury department. This will place the department in a better position to perform their duties according the preference and priority of the Gauteng citizens.The head of department in the Gauteng Provincial Treasury should have an ambition that drives him, so as to plan and organize the various departments under his disposal and the duties to be carried out by each department in an efficient way. He should have a power of influence and inspiration so as to win the trust of the subordinate leaders by leading the department in an appropriate manner that will accomplish their vision. The HOD should also be innovative and posses qualities of being able to implement and develop the ideas that ha ve come up and those that existed.This will enable excellent performance and smooth running of the treasury department and thus demolish the foundation of the risks that the Gauteng treasury department faced (Caroselli, 2000). By adopting the right staffing strategies the Gauteng treasury will have competent and qualified staff members that will be able to understand any policy or strategy formed for them to implement as they perform their duties, this will prevent the problem of under and over staffing, lack of motivation and good guidance to the staff and poor management in the departments (Rees & Porter, 2001).For instance due to poor strategies of staffing the Gauteng treasury was unable to implement the strategy given to it by the Gauteng provincial government (GPG). The HOD should evaluate the performance of the department on a regular basis to be able to understand the strengths and weaknesses of every member and delegate duties to them in a fair manner and according to their skill, capacity and competence. This will also help to raise any problem like lack of resources and technology and thus be in a position to provide them.The same system of organization and running of duties will be maintained eliminating the chances of a confusion cropping up during the performance period. This will curb the problem of lack of integration of financial systems (Caroselli, 2000). As the Gauteng treasury department continues to expand, appropriate measures should be carried out to also expand the working space and enable comfort to prevail to the staff as they are working.This will increase the overall out put and efficiency of each staff member. The HOD should set up a reliable information and technology management system to prevent loss of data that will give the treasury a history of their performance which is very important when evaluating the performance of the department. This will also prevent the loss of any current information or data being worked on thus mai ntain the efficiency of the department, because time will not be wasted repeating the same thing again.A back up measure that is reliable and easy to operate and manage should be devised (Rees & Porter, 2001). Administrative skills and policies have been implemented into each department, enabling good relationship to prevail in the treasury department thus contributing to the overall efficiency of performance in the department. This can be portrayed by the good relationship between the HOD and the employees, national treasury, implementation of NCOP, with the investors and human resource services among others.The Provincial Treasury must take care to prevent the functioning of the treasury to run under the influence of the politicians as this will make them rule biased decisions that favors only one party instead of working to satisfy the desires of the citizens of Gauteng. The treasury department should avoid over reliance to politicians to act as their guarantors in case of financ ial crisis but instead should work closely with the DED and GEP. Contracts formed must be fulfilled according to the terms agreed on this can be guided by implementation of SLA with ABSA.This will ensure trust between the treasury departments and the organization or person they are drawing a contract with is maintained. The HOD should ensure the municipalities are thoroughly audited to ensure the funds allocated to them are put in to their correct use and thus eliminate mismanagement of funds. Before initiating any planning methodologies, appropriate and sufficient research should be done to help accurate and adequate allocation of funds to every department in the treasury (Rees & Porter, 2001).Implementation of good leadership skills will enable the Provincial Treasury to meet their objectives which include; being recognized as the leading Provincial Treasury in South Africa, ensuring good governance of all financial matters in the province, promoting integration and alignment of p lanning processes within the Province, exploring, implementing and managing strategic financing solutions, ensuring the effective and efficient management of Gauteng Provincial Treasury and to be a preferred employer, attracting and retaining high performing individuals (Caroselli, 2000).The strategic management of the Provincial Treasury department should implement good management and leadership skills in the period of 2009-2014, to enable the department to go by their goal, vision, mission and objectives and uplift the performance of the Gauteng Provincial Government. This will make the Gauteng citizens to trust that the Gauteng Provincial Government will act on their needs and will re-elect it back to power.Word Count: 1930 Reference List Caroselli, M. (2000). Leadership Skill for Managers. New York: Mc Graw Hill Professional. Five-year Strategic Plan and Performance Plan (Second draft). (5th September 2008). Gauteng: Gauteng Provincial Treasury. Rees, D. W. and Porter, C. (2001) . The Skills of Management. 5th Ed. Bedford Row, London: Cengage Learning EMEA.

Endeavors of Envy- A Separate Peace Essays

Endeavors of Envy- A Separate Peace Essays Endeavors of Envy- A Separate Peace Essay Endeavors of Envy- A Separate Peace Essay Endeavors of Envy- A Separate Peace BY sabYGtng19 Endeavors of Envy William Penns quote that the Jealous are troublesome to others, but a torment to themselves illustrates the deleterious effects of suppressing Jealousy. Enw, when suppressed, corrupts an individuals perspective, creating the alternative. It can trigger a corroding of the mind, causing impulsive actions. John Knowles A Separate Peace analyzes Gene Forresters inability to prevent himself from harboring Jealousy within, thus resulting in a thin line between hallucination and reality. Finnys athleticism and humility embed a seed of Jealousy within Gene. Genes bafflement becomes evident when he realizes Phineas endeavors are mere perfection; however, he refuses to boast his accomplishments. Phineas humility towards his feats infuriates Gene, causing him to see himself as the epitome of inadequacy and Finny as the essence of good (Flum 6). Once this feeling is developed, envious thoughts begin to overtake Gene. Phineas accomplishments [take] root in [Genes] mind growing] rapidly in the darkness where [he is] forced o hide the raging emy to which Gene is beginning to succumb (Knowles 44). Gene realizes Phineas has never been Jealous of him, causing Gene to seek revenge. Upon the realization that Phineas is not Jealous, Genes subconscious mind leads him to believe he is not of the same quality as [Phineas] (Knowles 59). Gene is adamant in his refusal to the truth, and this begins to fuel his shadow self. Envy begins to boil over inside of Gene causing impulsive action s. His action is to physically bring down the idol, to test the limits of Finnys incredible athletic ability, nd because Phineas fails the test, Gene becomes confused and must now reevaluate himself and his idol. Genes enw leads to a metaphoric death which in turn becomes a rebirth of his identity. Idealizing and de-idealizing Phineas forces Gene to transform into an utterly confused false self. In order to forge his own identity and be free, Gene must confront reality, and the walls [he and Phineas] have erected around themselves [must] crack (Flum). The rebirthing process is difficult because Gene continues to ave Jealous thoughts, taking over the vast span of his mind and controlling him. Resulting from Genes Jealousy and impulsive actions, Phineas dies along with his vitality and humility. Finnys literal death doubles as a metaphoric death for Gene where he cannot escape the feeling that this [is his] own funeral (Knowles). John Knowles A Separate Peace illustrates how Gene is his own worst enemy, causing him to lose himself in the process of idealizing Phineas. His challenge is depicting what is reality and what is a hallucination. His idols humility to his feats causes Gene to seek revenge for self pleasure in order to test the idol; however, his failure results in a literal death to the idol and a metaphoric death to himself. Flum, et al. Relational processes and identity formation in adolescence: The example of A Separate Peace. Genetic, Social General Psychology Monographs 121. 4 (1995): 1-11. Academic Search Premier. Ebsco. 28 Aug. 2013.. Knowles, John. A Separate Peace. New York: Scribner, 2003. Penn, William. Brainy Quote. 6 Sept. 2013

The Concept of The Natural Step essays

The Concept of The Natural Step essays Can Natural Step promote sustainability in Organisations? There are three examples where companies have used The Natural Step and the outcomes prove whether it promotes sustainability. The examples shown are Stena Metall AB, an industrial recycling, trading and shipping company. The second example is Scandic Hotels and example three is Interface, a manufacturer of commercial floor covering. The Natural Step is a non- profit environmental education organisation with sight of the socially and ecologically sustainable society. Karl Henrik Robert, a cancer doctor in Sweden, discovered Natural Step in 1989. He noticed an increase in childhood leukaemia cases and seen and understood an association between human illnesses and toxins. The approach for The Natural Step is to develop their framework, and put it to use in companies and other organisations. They intend to support it, plus Work towards becoming role models in the domain of sustainable development. Internet. The Natural Step promotes sustainability, and to define sustainability this is when materials are used in continuous cycles, reliable sources of energy is used continuously, and qualities of being human is sustainable. Examples would be as follows: creativity, co-ordination, appreciation, and spiritual and intellectual development. Internet The Natural Step sets out a framework to guide companies and organisations in a direction towards sustainable development and defines the framework it lays out. The purpose of the framework is to explain in the simplest terms so that companies can understand it and integrate in their everyday work. It includes four core processes: i. Understanding the nature of business and society that is unsustainable and the interest of inspiring towards sustainability. ii. Understanding the principles for sustainability, i.e., the four systems Conditions. iii. Strategic visioning through back-casting from a desired sustain...

Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Assignment 2 - Essay Example They roughly run towards each other to grab the ball and throw it to a teammate. One or two boys fall to the ground, with one shedding copious tears, but their daddies merely tell them to stand up and run again. The crying boy’s father approaches him, pats him at the back and instructs him to play ball again as if nothing happened. My observations made me reflect on the kinds of play these children engage in. I thought Barbie dolls are considered a representation of the American ideal of beauty – sexy, thin and stylish, given to little girls like a torch passed on from one generation of women. It is but expected by society for a girl to achieve the much coveted beauty and grace exemplified by Barbie dolls, as looks matter terribly in this society. That is why the older ladies seemed to be guiding the little girls on how to make their dolls more beautiful, in the hopes that these girls will do so for themselves. On the other hand, boys are encouraged to engage in contact sports. Mothers endure the mess and stench of sweaty jerseys and hold their hearts in their throats as they witness their little boys being roughed up in the playing field all because of the image boys need to project as being manly. The fathers proudly motivate their sons to go for a goal or to brush of simple accidents of tripping to the ground as trivial. It seemed that expressing pain by crying in such accidents is not encouraged. Boys and girls are treated differently from the time they are born. Baby girls are considered fragile and they are exposed to delicate language and handled very gently. Boys, on the other hand, are exposed to strong tones and power-filled language and are handled less gently as they are tossed in the air and held upright from a younger age to demonstrate their power and strength (Rasquinha & Mouly, 2005). Chodorow (1978) posits that after birth, the infant unconsciously sees himself/ herself as merged with

Several writing exercises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Several writing exercises - Essay Example d to the accumulation of wealth, it suggests a life against nature: wealth, according to Aristotle, is only a means to something else; it has no meaning as a self-sufficient goal. Man finds happiness in the performance of his/her human craft. Happiness is the energy, movement, action, and force of the activity of the soul in the implementation of a virtue, performed in one’s life until the end, and in accordance with reason (logos). Perfection, according to Aristotle, is a practical implementation of one’s purpose in life, providing people with both successes and failures. It is a way of self-affirmation in the face of external circumstances. In the second book, Aristotle gives the definition of virtue. Aristotle considers virtue as an inner moral perfection, which became part of the habit. Its culmination is manifested in the activities of the upper part of the irrational soul, full of desires, but restrained by reason. It is a perfection of a reasonable desire, i.e. v irtue manifests itself in human ability to adapt to different situations. 2. Certainly, ethics has a special meaning for me, because I am convinced that it is necessary for each person for his/her harmonious coexistence with other people. Lack of ethics can lead to the collapse of social equilibrium, because ethics defines a respectful, honest and fair cooperation between people. The main importance belongs to applied ethics, which can be defined as an ethics that â€Å"draws upon ethical theory in order to ask what a person is obligated to do in some very specific situation, or within some particular domain of action (such as business)† (â€Å"Ethics†). Ethics, including applied ethics, have several sources. In particular, parents can be seen as one of the first sources of ethical education. Parents give the basics of ethical conduct, which is guided by the knowledge of the differences between good and bad deeds. However, parents are not the only source of ethical education. School ethics plays